PASIVE VOICE (DIATEZA PASIVA)

Pasivul se formeaza conjugand verbul to be la timpul cerut de sens, la care se adauga forma III (participiul trecut) a verbului de conjugat.

Ex. I am asked.

I have been asked.

I was asked.

I had been asked.

I will be asked.

Timpurile simple se modifica astfel:

TO BE + VB. III

e.g. He saw me. - I was seen by him.

Timpurile continue (prezent continuu si trecut continuu) se modifica astfel:

TO BE + BEING + VB.III

e.g. He is asking me. - I am being asked by him.

Timpurile perfecte (prezent perfect simplu si trecut perfect simplu) se modifica

astfel:

TO HAVE (prezent/trecut) + BEEN + VB. III

e.g. He has asked me. - I have been asked by him.

In limba romana, trecerea de la diateza activa la diateza pasiva se face prin transformarea complementului direct in subiect.

Ex. Activ: Directorul m-a chemat pe mine.

Pasiv: Eu am fost chemat de director.

In limba engleza, exista trei tipuri de complemente care pot deveni subiect in transformarea de la activ la pasiv: complementul direct, complementul indirect si, in unele cazuri, complementul prepozitional.

Ex. Activ: I gave him a book. - unde complementul direct este a book, iar complementul indirect este him. Ambele complemente pot deveni subiecte in cazul trecerii la pasiv. Desigur, subiectul va fi trecut la cazul nominativ.

Complement direct -> Subiect

A book was given to him. (by me)

Complement indirect -> Subiect

He was given a book. (by me)

In propozitia: In this office they insist on punctuality, punctuality este un complement prepozitional, care, de asemenea, poate deveni subiect in cazul folosirii diatezei pasive: In this office punctuality is insisted on (by them).

Un alt exemplu de complement prepozitional care poate deveni subiect.

Activ: She looked after the child.

Pasiv: The child was looked after (by her).

In multe cazuri, pasivul se foloseste atunci cand nu este important cine face actiunea. In aceste situatii, se omite formularea by, de la sfarsitul propozitiei.

Ex. In this office punctuality is insisted on.

Nota: Se poate folosit aspectul continuu al diatezei pasive numai la Present Tense si Past Tense.

Ex. While I am in hospital, my flat is being painted.

While I was in hospital, my flat was being painted.

. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la diateza pasiva:

1. They will finish the work today.

2. He has found your bag.

3. I will invite my friend to a party.

4. Someone has found the missing child.

5. A specialist will repair my TV set.

6. His coworkers must do something for him.

7. People play football all over the world.

8. The noise frightened me.

9. They are building a new house round the corner.

10. They were building a new supermarket in that district last month, when I passed by.

2. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la diateza pasiva in doua feluri, transformand atat complementul direct cat si cel indirect in subiecte:

1. The doctor prescribed some pills to the patient.

2. They have given me a nice present.

3. The policeman will show us the way.

4. I teach them English.

5. I have lent John two of my books.

6. The jury awarded the Romanian film director the Great Prize.

7. The guide showed the museum to the tourists.

8. They will give me a reward.

9. My friend doesn't always tell me the truth.

10. The teacher asked me a difficult question.

3. Treceti la pasiv urmatoarele propozitii care cuprind combinatii verb+prepozitie:

1. They didn't look after the children properly.

2. We called for the doctor.

3. We couldn't account for his odd behaviour.

4. Burglars broke into the house.

5. Don't speak until someone speaks to you.

6. He hasn't slept in his bed.

7. We laughed at John.

8. We objected to his proposal.

9. They set fire to the shed.

4. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la diateza pasiva:

1. Has someone repaired the TV set?

2. Will you write the letter in ink?

3. Haven't they told you to be here at 6 o'clock?

4. Did the tornado frighten you?

5. Will someone tell him the details?

6. Have you fed the dog?

7. Did the sight of the accident shock him?

8. Did they tell you about the meeting?

9. Do you think they will turn down your request?

10. Would you have finished your work sooner if your colleagues hadn't interrupted you?

5. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii de la diateza pasiva la diateza activa. Gasiti subiecte acolo unde este necesar:

1. This book will soon be forgotten.

2. These books mustn't be taken away.

3. English is spoken all over the world.

4. This painting is admired by all the visitors of the museum.

5. This house has been built out of stone and cement.

6. A reception was held in his honour.

7. The pupils will be told where to sit.

8. I was recommended a very good doctor.

9. The climber was finally discovered by the rescue party.

10. He hates being made fun of.

6. Traduceti in limba engleza:

1. In acest hotel se vorbesc limbi straine.

2. Ni s-a cerut sa aratam pasapoartele.

3. Ni s-au spus lucruri foarte interesante la conferinta.

4. Evenimentul a fost comentat de toate ziarele.

5. Scrisoarea va fi pusa la posta cat mai curand posibil.

6. Nu s-a auzit nimic despre el de cand a plecat la Constanta.

7. Aceasta informatie treuie tratata confidential.

8. Sensurile cuvintelor noi trebuie cautate in dictionar.

9. Cand a ajuns acasa si-a dat seama ca I se furase portofelul.

10. Cursul profesorului a fost ascultat de toti studentii.

11. Ni se vor da instructiuni detaliate in privinta referatului.

12. Se construiesc multe blocuri noi in cartierul nostru.

13. Muzeul a fost inchis pentru reparatii.

14. Acest timbru nu a fost bine lipit pe plic.

15. America a fost descoperita la sfarsitul secolului al XV-lea.