Home - Rasfoiesc.com
Educatie Sanatate Inginerie Business Familie Hobby Legal
Doar rabdarea si perseverenta in invatare aduce rezultate bune.stiinta, numere naturale, teoreme, multimi, calcule, ecuatii, sisteme




Biologie Chimie Didactica Fizica Geografie Informatica
Istorie Literatura Matematica Psihologie

Gramatica


Index » educatie » » literatura » Gramatica
» Conjunctia (the conjunction)


Conjunctia (the conjunction)


CONJUNCTIA (THE CONJUNCTION)

(lat.: conjunctio, con = impreuna; junctio = legatura)

Este partea de vorbire care leaga in propozitii cuvinte cu aceeasi functie sintactica, sau



1. Clasificarea conjunctiilor

a) conjunctii simple: and, after, but etc.

b) conjunctii compuse: however, unless etc

c) conjunctii corelative: either or ; neither. . . nor; both and ; in order to; as if ; as though

Dupa functii conjunctiile sunt:

1.1. Conjunctii coordonatoare (Coordinating Conjunctions)

Conjunctiile coordonatoare leaga parti de propozitie cu aceeasi valoare sintactica sau propozitii de acelasi fel.

1.1.1. Conjunctii copulative (Copulative Conjunctions)

and = si, iar

I see a boy and a girl. = Vad un baiat si o fata.

He went home and brought the book. = El a mers acasa si a adus cartea.

as well as = precum si

He speaks English as well as German. = El vorbeste engleza precum si germana

both . . . and = atat. cat si

I like both English and German. = Imi place atat engleza cat si germana.

not only . . . but also = nu numai ci si ..

I like not only English but also German. = Imi place nu numai engleza ci si germana.

1.1.2. Conjunctii disjunctive (Disjunctive Conjunctions)

Conjunctiile disjunctive exprima o alternativa.

either . . . or = sau. sau .., fie.. fie.

He can speak either English or German. = El stie sa vorbeasca fie engleza fie germana.

neither . . . nor = nici. nici..

I see neither him nor her. = Nu-l vad nici pe el, nici pe ea.

otherwise = altfel , altminteri

The book is expensive, otherwise it is very useful. = Cartea este scumpa, altminteri este foarte utila.

else (if not) = altfel (daca nu), or else = ca/caci altfel, ca daca nu

Hurry up or (else) you will miss the train. = Grabeste-te, (ca) altfel pierzi trenul.

1.1.3. Conjunctii adversative (Adversative Conjunctions)

Conjunctiile adversative exprima contrastul.

but = insa, dar;

We want to buy a house but we don't have money. = Vrem sa cumparam o casa dar nu avem bani.

however = insa, dar totusi

I didn't want to do it, however I did it. = N-am vrut s-o fac, dar am facut-o.

nevertheless = totusi, cu toate acestea

Mathematics is difficult, nevertheless I like it. = Matematica este grea, totusi imi place.

still = totusi, insa, dar, cu toate acestea

It is expensive, still I'll buy it. = Este scumpa, totusi o voi cumpara.

while = whereas = pe cata vreme, in timp ce, pe cand

Your motorcar is old, while/whereas mine is new. = Masina ta este veche, pe cand a mea e/este noua.

yet (nevertheless) = totusi, cu toate acestea

These goods are expensive, and yet people buy them. = Aceste marfuri sunt scumpe si totusi lumea le cumpara.

1.1.4. Conjunctii conclusive (Illative Conjunctions)

Conjunctiile conclusive exprima o concluzie.

accordingly = in consecinta, deci, prin urmare, ca atare

I found the book I needed and accordingly I bought it. = Am gasit cartea, de care aveam nevoie si, in consecinta am cumparat-o.

consequently = in consecinta, asadar, prin urmare

I found the book interesting, consequently I bought it. = Am gasit cartea interesanta, asadar am cumparat-o.

so = asadar, de aceea, prin urmare, astfel ca, asa ca

I considered the book important, so I bought it. = Am considerat cartea importanta, astfel ca am cumparat-o.

therefore = astfel cA, deci, de aceea, asadar, prin urmare, in consecinta

I didn't find them in the park, therefore I went home. = Nu i-am gasit in parc, asadar am plecat acasa.

1.1.5. Conjunctii cauzale (Causal Conjunctions)

for = caci, pentru ca, intrucat, deoarece, fiindca

It is very hot for it is August. = Este foarte cald caci este august.

Sunt rare insa cazurile cand se intalnesc in engleza vorbita astfel de exemple/cazuri cu for cauzal.

1.2. Conjunctii subordonatoare (Subordinating Conjunctions)

Conjunctiile subordonatoare leaga o subordonata de regenta sa.

1.2.1. Conjunctii de loc (Conjunctions of Place)

where = unde

You must come here where I live. = Trebuie sa vii aici unde locuiesc/traiesc eu.

wherever = oriunde

We'll live wherever it is possible. = Vom trai oriunde va fi posibil.

as far as = pana unde / la

I shall/will go as far as you go. = Voi merge pana unde mergi tu.

whence = de unde

I'm going there whence you are coming. = Merg acolo de unde vii tu.

1.2.2. Conjunctii de timp (Conjunctions of Time)

after = dupa, dupa ce

I came after you had left. = Am venit dupa ce ai plecat tu. = Am venit dupa ce plecasei tu.

before = inainte de a

I must put down your telephone number before I forget it. = Trebuie sa-mi notez numarul tau de telefon inainte de a-l uita.



the first time = prima data/oara cand

I realized he was a serious man the first time I saw him. = Mi-am dat seama ca este om serios cand l-am vazut prima data .

all the time = tot timpul cat

We are laughing all the time we are watching the play. = Radem tot timpul cat privim piesa.

as long as = cat timp

A man must learn as long as he lives. = Un om trebuie sa invete cat timp traieste.

as soon as = de indata ce, imediat ce

I must find out the truth as soon as I arrive. = Trebuie sa aflu adevarul imediat ce sosesc.

since = de cand

I haven't seen him since he was a student. = Nu l-am vazut de cand era el student.

ever since = chiar de cand

I relized he was a good man ever since I met him. = Mi-am dat seama ca este om bun chiar de cand l-am cunoscut.

till = until = pana cand, pana ce, pana la, pana sa, pana

You must wait till they come. = Trebuie sa astepti pana vin ei.

when = cand

I shall tell you everything when you come. = Iti voi povesti totul cand vei veni.

whenever = ori de cate ori

I realize she is an excellent singer whenever I listen to her. = ]mi dau seama ca este o cantareata desavarsita ori de cate ori o ascult.

while = cat timp, in timp ce

While there is life, there is hope. = Omul spera cat traieste.

the moment = in momentul /clipa in care

I recognized him the moment I saw him. = L-am recunoscut in clipa in care l-am vazut.

the very moment = chiar in momentul/clipa in care

I understood the real state of things the (very) moment I entered their house. = Am inteles adevarata stare a lucrurilor (chiar) in momentul in care am intrat in casa lor.

1.2.3. Conjunctii de mod (Conjunctions of Manner)

Conjunctiile de mod introduc subordonate modale.

as = cum, asa cum, dupa cum, intocmai cum, in acelasi fel in care

He talks as he thinks. = Vorbeste cum gandeste.

He knows many things young as he is. = El stie multe lucruri asa tanar cum este.

as if = as though = ca si cand, de parca, parca sa

He opend his mouth as if to say something. = A deschis gura parca sa spuna ceva.

He greeted us as if he knew us. = Ne-a salutat ca si cand ne-ar cunoaste.

not so . . . as . . . = nu asa de . . . ca . . .

Your house is not so big as I thought. = Casa ta nu este asa mare cum am crezut.

as . . . as = la fel de ca.., tot asa de ca.

She sang the song as beautifully as she could. = Ea a cantat cantecul cat a putut de frumos.

so much as = asa de mult cat/ca

I do not like tennis so much as he does. = Mie nu-mi place tenisul asa de mult cat lui.

so far as = in masura in care

You will buy the house so far as you can afford it. = Vei cumpara casa in masura in care iti poti permite

1.2.4. Conjunctii de cauza (Conjunctions of Cause)

Conjunctii de cauza introduc subordonatele cauzale

because = for the reason that = pentru ca, pentru motivul ca , deoarece , intrucat

I bought the ball because it was cheap. = Am cumparat mingea pentru ca era ieftina.

seeing that = vazand ca

Seeing that it was raining I entered the house. = Vazand ca ploua am intrat in casa.

since = intrucat, deoarece, caci

Since it is raining, I must take my umbrella. = Intrucat ploua, trebuie sa-mi iau umbrela.

now that = acum ca, deoarece

Now that I have come I shall/will drink a cup of coffee. = Acum ca am venit, voi bea o ceasca cu cafea.

1.2.5. Conjunctii de scop (Conjunctions of Purpose)

Conjunctiile de scop introduc subordonatele finale.

in order to/that = cu scopul de a, ca sa

We have come to school in order to learn. = Am venit la scoala ca sa invatam.

lest (+ should) = ca sa nu

Turn on the light lest you should knock your head against smth. ! = Aprinde lumina ca sa nu te lovesti cu capul de ceva !

so that = asa incat, ca sa

Turn on the light so that I can see better ! = Aprinde lumina ca sa pot vedea mai bine !

1.2.6. Conjunctii concesive (Conjunctions of Concession)

Conjunctiile concesive introduc subordonatele concesive.

though = although = desi, cu toate ca

I shall/will go there although it is late. = Voi merge acolo desi este tarziu.

even if = chiar daca

I shall go there even if it is very late. = Voi merge acolo chiar daca este foarte tarziu.

however (much) = oricat de (mult)

You must buy it however much it costs. = Trebuie s-o cumperi indiferent cat de mult costa.

no matter how = nu conteaza cat/cum, indiferent cat/cum

You must read it no matter how borring it is. = Trebuie s-o citesti indiferent cat de plictisitoare este.

Boring as it is you must read it. = Plictisitoare asa cum este trebuie s-o citesti.

in spite of = in ciuda

He succeeded in spite of all the difficulties that he came across. = El a reusit in ciuda tuturor dificultatilor pe care le-a intampinat.



in spite of the fact that = in ciuda faptului ca, desi, chiar daca

They failed in spite of their efforts. = Au esuat in ciuda eforturilor lor.

notwithstanding = desi, in ciuda/pofida faptului ca

They failed notwithstanding the efforts they made. = Ei au dat gres in ciuda/ pofida eforturilor pe care le-au facut.

1.2.6. Conjunctii conditionale (Conjunctions of Conditional)

Conjunctiile conditionale introduc subordonatele conditionale.

if = daca

I shall not come if I don't have time. = Nu voi veni daca nu voi avea timp.

if only = doar/numai daca

I shall come if only I have time. = Voi veni doar daca voi avea timp.

on condition that = cu conditia ca

I shall come on the condition that I have time. = Voi veni cu conditia ca voi avea timp.

provided that = cu conditia ca

I shall come provided that I have time. = Voi veni cu conditia ca voi avea timp.

if and only if = daca si numai daca

I shall come if and only if I have time. = Voi veni daca si numai daca voi avea timp.

as long as = atat timp cat, daca

I shall not give you the money as long as you don't tell me the truth. = Nu-ti voi da banii atata timp cat nu-mi vei spune adevarul.

but = daca nu

But for John, I would have gone. = Daca n-ar fi fost John as fi mers.

unless = daca nu

I shall not give you the money unless you tell me the truth. = Eu nu-ti voi da banii daca nu-mi vei spune adevarul.

1.2.8. Conjunctii consecutive (Conjunctions of Result)

Conjunctiile consecutive introduc subordonatele consecutive.

so . . . that . . . = asa de . . . incat . . ., that = incat/ca;

I lent you the book so that you could read it. = ti-am imprumutat cartea ca s-o poti citi.

such . . . that . . . = asa/astfel de . . . incat/ca . . .

Such was the force of the wind that we could not stand. = Asa mare era forta vantului ca noi nu puteam sta in picioare.

1.2.9. Conjunctii atributive (Attributive Clause Conjunctions)

Conjunctile atributive introduc subordonatele atributive sau relative.

that = care, pe care, de care (pentru persoane si lucruri)

This is the book that I need. = Aceasta este cartea de care am eu nevoie.

He is the man that/who knows us. = El este omul care ne cunoaste pe noi.

who (pronume relativ) = care

He is the man who knows us. = El este omul care ne cunoaste.

whose = al, a, ai, ale cui/carui/carei/caror

He is the playwright whose plays are eternal. = El este dramaturgul ale carui piese sunt eterne.

to whom = who(m) . . . to = caruia, careia, carora

The boy, to whom I must give this book, is my friend. = The boy, who(m) I must give this book to, is my friend. = Baiatul, caruia eu trebuie sa-i dau aceasta carte, este prietenul meu.

whom / that = pe care (pentru persoane)

The boys, whom/that you see, are John's friends. = Baietii, pe care ii vezi, sunt prietenii lui John.

which / that = care, pe care (pentru lucruri)

The house, which/that you see, is mine. = Casa, pe care o vezi, este a mea.

1.2.10. Conjunctii subiective ( Subject Clause Conjunctions)

Conjunctiile subiective introduc subordonatele subiective.

that = ca

That we have to work hard is a necessity. = Ca trebuie sa muncim mult este o necesitate.

who = cine, care

Who knows the truth is not here. = Cine stie adevarul nu este aici.

what = ce

What I like is not to be found here. = Ce-mi place mie nu se gaseste aici.

when = cand

When he comes depends on the weather. = Cand vine el depinde de vreme.

why = de ce, din ce cauza

Why he has come is a mystery. = De ce a venit el este un mister.

what . . . for = for what = pentru ce

For what he has come is a mystery. = Pentru ce a venit el este un mister.

how = cum

How he has done it is a mystery. = Cum a facut-o este un mister.

where = unde

Where we shall go is a mystery. = Unde vom merge este un mister.

wherever = oriunde

Wherever we went would be a mystery/secret. = Oriunde am merge ar fi un mister/secret.

whenever = ori de cate ori

Whenever we went would be a mystery. = Ori de cate ori am merge ar fi un mister.

whose = al, a, ai, ale

Whose this book is is a mystery. = A cui este aceasta carte este un mister.

what kind / sort of = ce fel de

What kind / sort of man he is is a mystery. = Ce fel de om este el este un mister.

which = care

Which book I must buy is a mystery. = Care carte trebuie s-o cumpar este un mister.

which of = care dintre

Which of us will travel by train is a secret. = Care dintre noi va calatori cu trenul este secret.

1.2.11. Conjunctii completive (Object Clause Conjunctions)



that = ca

You did not tell me that you would come earlier. = Nu mi-ai spus ca vei veni mai devreme.

Conjunctia that se poate omite: I knew you were very busy. = Stiam ca esti foarte ocupat.

2. Alte cuvinte de legatura

for instance = for example = de exemplu/pilda

one = o data

One, you would have more spare time. = O data, ai avea mai mult timp liber.

two = doi, in al doilea rand

Two, you would be better paid. = Doi, ai fi mai bine platit.

Secondly, and far more importantly . . . = In al doilea rand, si mult mai important . . .

and to conclude . . .= si in incheiere

first / firstly = in primul rand, mai intai

second / secondly = in al doilea rand

third / thirdly = in al treilea rand

to conclude = in incheiere / concluzie

for a start = pentru inceput

I want to begin by saying that. = Vreau sa incep prin a spune (spunand) ca.

Another thing is that . . . = Alt lucru este ca . . .

Which is far more important. = Care este cu mult mai important.

There is still another thing. = Mai este inca un lucru.

The final thing I must say is . . . = Ultimul lucru pe care trebuie sa-l spun este . . .

The second/third reason is . . . = Al doilea/treilea motiv este . . .

Also, it's not . . . = De asemenea, nu este . . .

You didn't read that book. = I didn't read it either. = Neither did I. = Tu nu ai citit cartea aceea. = Nici eu n-am citit-o.

'You are in a hurry.' 'Indeed we are. = - Voi va grabiti. Ne grabim, intr-adevar; - Da, asa este; - Sigur ca da

That reminds me of . . . = Asta imi aminteste de . . .

By the way. = By the by. = Apropo.

In a word, briefly. = Intr-un cuvant, pe scurt.

My conclusion is that . . . = Concluzia mea este ca . . .

That is. = That is to say. = Adica

This is another way of putting it. = Aceasta este un alt fel/mod de a-l spune/ exprima.

Such an example would be . . . = Un astfel de exemplu ar fi

As a result= consequently = Ca urmare; in consecinta

The consequence was that . . . = Consecinta/urmarea a fost ca . . .

The consequence of his being late was that . . . = Consecinta/urmarea intarzierii lui a fost ca . . .

in other words = cu alte cuvinte

in that case = in cazul acela

if so = daca e asa

if not = daca nu

I would rather say = as spune/zice mai degraba

a way of putting it = un fel de a spune

a better way of putting it = un fel mai bun de a zice

It would be better to . . . = Ar fi mai bine sa. . .

on the one hand / side = pe de o parte; on the other hand / side = pe de alta parte

on the contrary = dimpotriva

by contrast = prin contrast

Of course, he . . .= Desigur, el . . .

He is , of course. = El este, desigur

it is true that = este adevarat ca

There is little doubt about that. = Este putina indoiala in privinta aceasta/aceea.

There is no doubt about that. = Nu este nici o indoiala in acest sens.

The truth is that . . . = Adevarul este ca . . .

He will even read it. = El o va si citi. = El chiar o va citi.

'He likes to spend his holidays at the seaside'. 'So do we'. = Lui ii place sa-si petreaca vacanta la mare. - Si noua.

'We are at the seaside'. 'So am I'. = - Noi suntem la mare. - Si eu.

'He can speak French'. 'So can we'. = - El stie sa vorbeasca frantuzeste. - Si noi.

'He cannot speak French'. 'Neither can we'; 'We can't either' = - El nu stie sa vorbeasca frantuzeste. - Nici noi.

the first reason = primul motiv, prima cauza

the first suggestion = prima sugestie

He feels so bad today. = El se simte asa (de) rau azi/astazi.

I do not feel that bad. = Eu nu ma simt asa (de) rau.

I expected it to be this big. = M-am asteptat sa fie asa de mare.

in the same way as = in acelasi fel ca

much similar to = mult asemanator cu

The girl other than Jane. = Alta fata decat Jane; Alta fata in afara de Jane.







Politica de confidentialitate





Copyright © 2024 - Toate drepturile rezervate

Gramatica


Carti
Gramatica






termeni
contact

adauga